You can get Survival XP 2 ways.. Sitting in Camps like the guys above have stated, and by grinding out camps. So while your sitting in your camp open up your crafting tool and just make camps.. use the Practice option on the last screen to get a XP bonus.
The lower level camps don't give that much XP but in the time it takes for the camp you are in to give you the Full XP you can get from it.. you can craft enough to get 2 more camps worth of XP.. so you save yourself 40 min of Camping.
As for Camps.. the longer your in the camp the more XP you get till eventualy (about 20min, larger camps sometimes 30 if solo)it max's out. The more people you have in your camp (like Squad Leader, pets in your group count) the faster XP builds, you can camp faster. Lastly purforming healing, crafting , and other functions in a camp does seem to make the XP build faster.
So if you have a couple of friends, a couple of pets in the group with you, and all craft, heal, sample, or purform.. you should go through Wilderness survival pretty fast.
I think it too me about 2 days with my other account to Master Scout, so the wilderness part probably only took a day.